1.
Dye marker grenade with irritant
Thrown by security personnel by hand, it has dye and irritant chemical. It causes sensory problems and also leaves a dye mark for easy identification by security personnel later. It can be thrown at protesters within a range of 35m (extendable by 10m)
2.
Plastic tear smoke shell with soft nose
Made of caesium (CS) chemical in pelletised form, it is useful for crowd dispersal and flushing out operations when miscreants are hiding in dense undergrowth or built up areas. The plastic body and soft nose provides cushioning effect on impact thereby minimizing the chance of serious injury on direct hit. These are effective at long distances and are fired using a 38 mm gas gun
3.
Tear smoke grenade
Made of CS chemical in pelletized form, it can be thrown at protesters at a distance of 35m (+10 m). It doesn't seriously injure protesters when hit directly and their plastic body starts melting immediately on landing with emission of smoke, making it difficult to pick and throw it away. It is effective in large areas as it generates large volume of smoke quickly
4.
Stun shell (normal)
Fired using a 38mm gas gun, it can be used at a range of 110m. It creates fearconfusion in a mob and provides sufficient reaction time to law-enforcing agencies and can't be thrown back at security personnel. It can be fired accurately and guns goes off with a loud bang and flash. Plastic body of the shell minimizes chances of injury and it ensures safe distance between police and miscreants
5.
Stun grenade
Thrown by hand and made of plastic, it covers a range of 40m. It leads to temporary stunning of the f target and makes a blinding flash for a few minutes. It disperses a violent mob at close quarters and also flushes out barricaded criminal.
6.
Chilli grenade
A concentrate from the world's hottest chillis, bhut jolokia or Naga chilli found in the northeast, is used in the grenade. It covers a range of 45m and can be thrown by hand. Helpful in neutralizing protesters in a large area and also in proximity of police. It generates large volume of irritating smoke quickly, which disperses the mob. Having a plastic body, it starts melting quickly once fired and makes it difficult to be thrown back
7.
PAVA shells
Another chilli-based munition that temporarily incapacitates the target and renders it immobile for several minutes. The name 'PAVA' stands for Pelargonic Acid Vanillyl Amide, also called Nonivamide, and is an organic compound found characteristically in chilli pepper. On the Scoville scale (the degree to measure the power of chilli), PAVA is categorized as 'above peak', meaning the shells will severely irritate and paralyze humans, but temporarily. The MHA-led expert panel has recommended their use in J&K
8.
Pepper balls
Pepper guns fire plastic shells packed with pepper that explode on contact causing severe eye, nose and throat irritation. These are fired from specially designed forced compliance weapons or modified paintball guns and are largely used by western countries like the US and the UK on protesters. These aren't currently available in India
9.
Sonic cannons
Used mostly by western countries and military, these emit ultra-high frequency earsplitting sounds to disperse mobs. The high-power sound waves can cause severe pain, disorientation, nausea or discomfort. They haven't been used in India.
